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Medical notice — For research and educational purposes only. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed physician before using any peptide or compound.

DSIP

sleeprecovery
Regulatory status — Research use only — not approved for human use

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a nine-amino-acid neuropeptide first isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood in 1977, originally characterized by its ability to increase slow-wave (delta) sleep in animal models [1]. Despite decades of investigation, its receptor has not been definitively identified, no DSIP-encoding gene has been found in mammals, and human clinical evidence of efficacy remains sparse and conflicting [1]. DSIP is currently research-only with no regulatory approval in any jurisdiction; its use in humans is not supported by adequate clinical trial data.

Evidence coverage

38/47 claims verified by independent fact-checker.

1 claim pending coverage
  • UUID mismatch: draft cites '5517570d-a374-4e38-a21b-d28f52abe47d' but the research packet contains '5517570d-a374-4e38-a17b-d28f52abe47d'. The cited UUID does not exist in the provided source index. This is a dosing claim (animal) framed as such; even setting aside the framing, the citation cannot be verified against the packet as provided.(1 claim)

Pepteligence regenerates entries quarterly and when new high-tier evidence appears.

Quick facts

Half-life
—
Typical dose
See research context
Route
multiple
Frequency
[insufficient evidence in research packet — no human clinical dosing frequency has been established]
Cycle length
—
Evidence strength
Phase III RCTs

Suggested labs for this peptide class — educational reference only; not medical advice.

TL;DR

  • Half-life: — — dosed —.
  • Administered via multiple.
  • Evidence base: randomised controlled trials.
  • Primary goals: sleep, recovery.
EVIDENCE HIERARCHYRCTsObservationalAnimal studiesAnecdotal

Randomised controlled trials

How we evaluate evidence →

How it works

BPC-157 acts on multiple parallel pathways — this multi-system action underlies its broad tissue repair profile.

DSIP is a nonapeptide (nine amino acid peptide) originally isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood in 1977 [1]. Its precise receptor and endogenous precursor protein have not been identified in mammals despite decades of investigation [1]. Mechanistic data from animal and in vitro studies suggest several potential pathways. Cohort data from human studies indicate that plasma DSIP-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) decreases significantly at the transition from wakefulness to sleep [5], and human observational data suggest DSIP-LI exhibits a diurnal rhythm with a negative correlation with both rapid eye movement sleep and slow-wave sleep [6]. Animal studies indicate that DSIP modulates pineal gland function: in vitro mechanistic work suggests DSIP stimulates melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol, and serotonin secretion from perifused rat pineal glands in a dose-dependent manner [17], and this effect appears to require tryptophan aminopeptidase activity [18]. Animal studies further indicate that DSIP at 15 nmol/kg retarded the nighttime rise of pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin levels during the dark phase in rats [15]. Animal studies also suggest DSIP produces circadian-dependent hypothermic effects in intact rats, with differing effects observed in pinealectomized and hypophysectomized animals, pointing to dependence on the pineal–pituitary axis [19]. Expert commentary proposes that DSIP and neuropeptide Y may represent endogenous stabilizing factors of brain excitability with potential antiepileptic properties [13]. Preliminary mechanistic and animal evidence suggests DSIP analogues possess direct antioxidative activity comparable to vitamin C and β-carotene in vitro, along with detoxifying effects against cisplatin-induced toxicosis in rats [9].

What the research says

Research summary content coming soon. Check the references section for indexed studies.

100%50%25%0%00h1t½0h2t½0h3t½0h4t½0h
Approximate plasma concentration over 4 half-lives (0h × 4 = 0h)

Protocol lifecycle

BeforeDuringAfter

Before — Pre-cycle readiness

Readiness checklist

Medical history
  • No history of hypotension or cardiovascular instability [14]
  • No diagnosed sleep disorder (sleep apnea, narcolepsy) without physician oversight [16]
  • No active Cushing syndrome or cortisol dysregulation (observational data show reduced DSIP-LI and reduced delta sleep in this population) [20]
Evidence awareness
  • Understand that no human Phase II/III RCTs support DSIP efficacy for any indication
  • Understand that the only available human RCT found no significant improvement in sleep in chronic insomniac patients [2]
  • Understand that DSIP has no FDA, EMA, or Health Canada approval for any indication
  • Understand that no human pharmacokinetic data (half-life, bioavailability) are available [1]
Sourcing and administration
  • DSIP is available only as a research chemical; purity, sterility, and authenticity cannot be assured outside clinical trial settings
  • No established administration route, dose, or frequency has been validated in human trials
  • Confirm no history of hypotension or blood pressure dysregulation, as animal studies indicate DSIP may lower blood pressure [14]
  • Disclose any diagnosed sleep disorder (sleep apnea, narcolepsy); observational data suggest altered DSIP-LI levels in these populations, and safety is unknown [16]
  • Understand that no human pharmacokinetic profile, dose-response curve, or safety data have been established [1]

During — Active protocol

Protocol notice — The following describes common protocols reported in research and community sources. This is not medical advice. Dosing, frequency, and duration should be determined with a licensed physician familiar with peptide research.
  • The only human RCT (double-blind, intravenous, 25 nmol/kg) found no significant effects on sleep structure or polysomnographic measures in chronic insomniac patients [2]; efficacy in humans is not established
  • Monitor blood pressure given animal data showing hypotensive effects [14]
  • No validated human dosing protocol exists; any use in humans is outside established clinical evidence

After — Post-cycle

  • No cycling or post-cycle guidance exists in the clinical literature; no human studies have assessed rebound effects or tolerance
  • DSIP influences circadian and pineal function in animal models [15]; monitor for sleep architecture changes after discontinuation

Stacks it appears in

DSIP is typically used as a standalone compound. Stack data coming soon.

Related peptides

Other compounds indexed on Pepteligence that share research tags with DSIP. Educational context only.

Epitalon

Tier 3
sleep

BPC-157

Tier 3
recovery

CJC-1295

Tier 3
recovery

TB-500

Tier 3
recovery

Safety

Common side effects

  • ·[insufficient evidence in research packet — no human clinical trial has characterized a common side-effect profile]

Rare side effects

  • ·[insufficient evidence in research packet]
Safety notice — Serious / theoretical risks:
  • Hypotension: animal studies indicate decreased blood pressure following DSIP administration [14]; human cardiovascular safety data do not exist
  • Circadian rhythm disruption: animal studies indicate DSIP produces circadian-dependent thermoregulatory shifts and modulates melatonin synthesis [19][15]; implications for human circadian health are unknown

Contraindications

  • ·Hypotension or hemodynamic instability — animal studies demonstrate blood-pressure-lowering effects [14]; human safety threshold unknown
  • ·Diagnosed sleep apnea or narcolepsy — observational data indicate altered DSIP-LI in these populations; safety of exogenous administration is unstudied [16]
  • ·Pregnancy and lactation — no human or animal reproductive safety data are present in the research packet
  • ·Concurrent use of anticonvulsant medications — DSIP shows circadian-dependent anticonvulsant activity in animal models [11]; interactions with anticonvulsant drugs are not characterized

Community experiences

Community content — User-submitted experiences are self-reported and have not been verified. They do not constitute medical advice. Pepteligence aggregates community data under Section 230 protections.

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DSIP — at a glance

PropertyDSIP—
Half-life——
Routemultiple—
Typical doseSee research context—
MechanismDSIP is a nonapeptide (nine amino acid peptide) originally isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood in 1977. Its precise receptor and endogenous precursor protein have not been identified in mammals despite decades of investigation. Mechanistic data from animal and in vitro studies suggest several potential pathways. Cohort data from human studies indicate that plasma DSIP-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) decreases significantly at the transition from wakefulness to sleep, and human observational data suggest DSIP-LI exhibits a diurnal rhythm with a negative correlation with both rapid eye movement sleep and slow-wave sleep. Animal studies indicate that DSIP modulates pineal gland function: in vitro mechanistic work suggests DSIP stimulates melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol, and serotonin secretion from perifused rat pineal glands in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect appears to require tryptophan aminopeptidase activity. Animal studies further indicate that DSIP at 15 nmol/kg retarded the nighttime rise of pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin levels during the dark phase in rats. Animal studies also suggest DSIP produces circadian-dependent hypothermic effects in intact rats, with differing effects observed in pinealectomized and hypophysectomized animals, pointing to dependence on the pineal–pituitary axis. Expert commentary proposes that DSIP and neuropeptide Y may represent endogenous stabilizing factors of brain excitability with potential antiepileptic properties. Preliminary mechanistic and animal evidence suggests DSIP analogues possess direct antioxidative activity comparable to vitamin C and β-carotene in vitro, along with detoxifying effects against cisplatin-induced toxicosis in rats.—
Evidence strengthrctanecdotal
Primary goalsleep—

Frequently asked questions

What is DSIP?
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a nine-amino-acid neuropeptide first isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood in 1977, originally characterized by its ability to increase slow-wave (delta) sleep in animal models. Despite decades of investigation, its precise receptor and endogenous precursor have not been identified in mammals. It is not FDA-approved.
How does DSIP work?
DSIP's mechanism of action is incompletely understood. Its precise receptor has not been identified in mammals despite decades of investigation. Animal and in vitro studies suggest several potential pathways, but none has been validated in controlled human trials.
What is DSIP used for?
DSIP was originally investigated for its ability to increase slow-wave (delta) sleep in animal models. Its therapeutic applications in humans have not been established — no controlled human clinical trials have validated any indication.
Is DSIP FDA-approved?
No. DSIP is not FDA-approved for any indication. Its mechanism, receptor, and endogenous precursor remain incompletely characterized despite decades of research.
What are common dosages of DSIP?
No human clinical dosing frequency or dose range has been established for DSIP. The research literature does not provide validated human dosing data.
How is DSIP administered?
DSIP has been studied via multiple routes in animal research. No administration route has been validated for safety or efficacy in controlled human trials.
What are common side effects of DSIP?
No controlled human clinical trial data exist to characterize DSIP's side-effect profile. Its safety in humans is not established.
Are there safety concerns with DSIP?
Animal studies demonstrate blood-pressure-lowering effects, suggesting caution in people with hypotension or hemodynamic instability — the human safety threshold is unknown. Additionally, altered DSIP levels have been observed in people with sleep apnea and narcolepsy, though the safety of exogenous DSIP in these populations has not been studied.
Who should exercise extra caution with DSIP?
Based on available data, caution is warranted in people with hypotension or hemodynamic instability (due to blood-pressure-lowering effects in animals), those with sleep apnea or narcolepsy (where DSIP levels appear altered), and pregnant or breastfeeding individuals (for whom no safety data exist).
Can DSIP be combined with other peptides?
No evidence-supported combination protocols have been identified for DSIP. The current source literature does not document any established stacking combinations.
Is DSIP legal?
DSIP is not FDA-approved and is not a scheduled controlled substance in the United States. Its legal status for possession and sale varies by jurisdiction. This is not legal advice.
What does the research on DSIP show overall?
The DSIP research base spans animal models and small human observational studies but lacks controlled clinical trial data. Its receptor has not been definitively identified, and its endogenous precursor remains unknown, making definitive claims about mechanism or efficacy premature.

References

  1. [1]

    Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle.

    Kovalzon Vladimir M, Strekalova Tatyana V

    Journal of neurochemistry · 2006 · PMID 16539679

    View on PubMed →
  2. [2]

    Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study.

    Bes F, Hofman W, Schuur J et al.

    Neuropsychobiology · 1992 · PMID 1299794

    View on PubMed →
  3. [3]

    [The hypnogenic effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) analogs: a comparative study in rabbits and rats].

    Koval'zon V M, Obal F, Alfoldi P et al.

    Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii · 1992 · PMID 1455954

    View on PubMed →
  4. [4]

    [Hypnogenic properties of DSIP peptide analogs: structural-functional relationship].

    Koval'zon V M

    Izvestiia Akademii nauk. Seriia biologicheskaia · 2001 · PMID 11525128

    View on PubMed →
  5. [5]

    Human plasma DSIP decreases at the initiation of sleep at different circadian times.

    Seifritz E, Müller M J, Schönenberger G A et al.

    Peptides · 1995 · PMID 8745061

    View on PubMed →
  6. [6]

    Diurnal rhythm of plasma delta-sleep-inducing peptide in humans: evidence for positive correlation with body temperature and negative correlation with rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep.

    Friedman T C, Garcia-Borreguero D, Hardwick D et al.

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1994 · PMID 8175965

    View on PubMed →
  7. [7]

    DSIP-Like KND Peptide Reduces Brain Infarction in C57Bl/6 and Reduces Myocardial Infarction in SD Rats When Administered during Reperfusion.

    Tukhovskaya Elena A, Shaykhutdinova Elvira R, Ismailova Alina M et al.

    Biomedicines · 2021 · PMID 33918965

    View on PubMed →
  8. [8]

    Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide Recovers Motor Function in SD Rats after Focal Stroke.

    Tukhovskaya Elena A, Ismailova Alina M, Shaykhutdinova Elvira R et al.

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021 · PMID 34500605

    View on PubMed →
  9. [9]

    [Antioxidative and detoxifying effects of analogues of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP)].

    Mikhaleva I I, Ivanov V T, Onoprienko L V et al.

    Bioorganicheskaia khimiia · 2014 · PMID 25898718

    View on PubMed →
  10. [10]

    [THE INFLUENCE OF DELTA SLEEP-INDUCING PEPTIDE ON FUNCTIONAL STATE OF RATS HEPATOCYTES IN FOOT-SHOCK STRESS].

    Belykh A E, Bobyntsev I I, Kryukov A A et al.

    Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova · 2015 · PMID 26470489

    View on PubMed →
  11. [11]

    Circadian effects of beta-endorphin, melatonin, DSIP, and amphetamine on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.

    Yehuda S, Mostofsky D I

    Peptides · 1993 · PMID 8483798

    View on PubMed →
  12. [13]

    [Endogenous anticonvulsants: neuropeptide Y and delta sleep inducing peptide].

    Stanojlović Olivera, Hrnčić Dragan, Radosavljević Tatjana

    Medicinski pregled · 2008 · PMID 19102071

    View on PubMed →
  13. [14]

    The circadian cycle effects of DSIP on colonic temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate in control and area postrema-lesioned rats.

    Yehuda S, Caspy T, Carasso R L

    The International journal of neuroscience · 1988 · PMID 3209378

    View on PubMed →
  14. [15]

    Influence of delta-sleep inducing peptide on melatonin synthesis in the rat pineal gland.

    Oaknin S, Troiani M E, Webb S M et al.

    Neuroscience letters · 1986 · PMID 3774211

    View on PubMed →
  15. [16]

    Delta sleep-inducing peptide in normal humans and in patients with sleep apnea and narcolepsy.

    Vgontzas A N, Friedman T C, Chrousos G P et al.

    Peptides · 1995 · PMID 8532601

    View on PubMed →
  16. [17]

    Delta-sleep-inducing peptide stimulates melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol and serotonin secretion from perifused rat pineal glands.

    Ouichou A, Zitouni M, Raynaud F et al.

    Biological signals · 1992 · PMID 1339175

    View on PubMed →
  17. [18]

    Implication of tryptophan in the stimulatory effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on indole secretion from perifused rat pineal glands.

    Ouichou A, Pévet P

    Biological signals · 1992 · PMID 1307916

    View on PubMed →
  18. [19]

    Modification of the hypothermic circadian cycles induced by DSIP and melatonin in pinealectomized and hypophysectomized rats.

    Yehuda S, Mostofsky D I

    Peptides · 1984 · PMID 6548024

    View on PubMed →
  19. [20]

    Decreased delta-sleep and plasma delta-sleep-inducing peptide in patients with Cushing syndrome.

    Friedman T C, García-Borreguero D, Hardwick D et al.

    Neuroendocrinology · 1994 · PMID 7700506

    View on PubMed →
  20. [?]

    The effects of DSIP on pain threshold during light and dark periods in rats are not naloxone-sensitive.

    Yehuda S, Carasso R L

    The International journal of neuroscience · 1987 · PMID 3679693

    View on PubMed →
  21. [?]

    Phosphorylated delta sleep inducing peptide restores spatial memory and p-CREB expression by improving sleep architecture at high altitude.

    Roy Koustav, Chauhan Garima, Kumari Punita et al.

    Life sciences · 2018 · PMID 30107169

    View on PubMed →
  22. [?]

    [Metabolic effects of delta-sleep inducing peptide during physiological aging of the organism].

    Bondarenko T I, Maiboroda E A, Mikhaleva I I et al.

    Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia · 2013 · PMID 24432565

    View on PubMed →
  23. [?]

    Studies on the mechanism of the anticonvulsant effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide in conditions of increased oxygen tension.

    Mendzheritskii A M, Lysenko A V, Uskova N I et al.

    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology · 1997 · PMID 9406227

    View on PubMed →
  24. [?]

    Delta sleep-inducing-peptide-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) and delta sleep in schizophrenic volunteers.

    van Kammen D P, Widerlöv E, Neylan T C et al.

    Sleep · 1992 · PMID 1475566

    View on PubMed →
  25. [?]

    Plasma levels of DSIP in infants in the first year of life and SIDS risk.

    Scholle S, Zwacka G, Ekman R et al.

    Regulatory peptides · 1992 · PMID 1579657

    View on PubMed →
  26. [?]

    Plasma concentration of nine hormones and neurotransmitters during usual activities or constant bed rest for 34 H.

    Schulz P, Lustenberger S, Degli Agosti R et al.

    Chronobiology international · 1994 · PMID 7895296

    View on PubMed →
  27. [?]

    Pichia pastoris secreted peptides crossing the blood-brain barrier and DSIP fusion peptide efficacy in PCPA-induced insomnia mouse models.

    Mu Xiaoxiao, Qu Lijun, Yin Liquan et al.

    Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024 · PMID 39444618

    View on PubMed →